Former senior officers of the Democratic Forces for the Liberation of Rwanda say the group’s anti-Tutsi ideology was taught in Rwandan schools and the army before the 1994 genocide and later carried into exile by soldiers and militia members who fled the country. The organization, established in 2000, emerged from networks of soldiers and militia members who fled Rwanda after the genocide. The officers allege that the FDLR receives support from Congolese authorities and local armed allies, and it generates revenue from roadblocks, mining taxes, timber, and charcoal. Because the ideology remains embedded in the group, dismantling it will require authorities not only to disarm its fighters but also to challenge its beliefs, disrupt its financing networks, and break up its military alliances.