Rwandan President Paul Kagame has renewed accusations that the Democratic Republic of Congo is supporting the Democratic Forces for the Liberation of Rwanda (FDLR), arguing that the armed group’s continued presence on Congolese territory justifies Rwanda’s security involvement in eastern Congo. Kinshasa denies the claim and instead accuses Kigali of backing the M23 rebel group and deploying troops on Congolese soil, an allegation Rwanda rejects. The FDLR is a Hutu militia with roots in the 1994 genocide. The competing accusations risk undermining the ceasefire implementation just as a joint verification mechanism begins work in eastern Congo. Rwanda gains political leverage by framing its intervention as self-defense, while the DRC faces renewed pressure to address armed groups. The accusations threaten to jeopardize regional peace efforts and prolong instability in eastern Congo, already the site of one of Africa’s longest-running conflicts.