Vultures, hated and associated with death, are essential to ecosystems, according to African conservationists working to change their negative image. According to a recent report by BirdLife International, the often misunderstood bird contributes $1.8 billion annually to southern Africa’s ecosystems by providing cleanup, pest control, and anti-poaching services. By devouring carcasses, vultures remove harmful bacteria such as anthrax and botulism from the environment and prevent the spread of diseases that would otherwise kill humans and other animals. Despite their usefulness, vultures face numerous threats – including poisoning, poaching, and habitat loss – that have endangered some of their species. Conservationists hope to raise awareness about their vital role, particularly in ecosystems and farming communities, thereby making them more welcome in society.