Sudan’s civil war between the military and the Rapid Support Forces (RSF) has entered its fourth year, deepening the world’s most severe humanitarian crisis. The crisis is further exacerbated by soaring global fuel and fertilizer prices triggered by the American-Israeli war on Iran. Despite staggering civilian death tolls, alleged genocide, and widespread starvation, both factions refuse to negotiate, funding their campaigns through lucrative illicit gold trading. The conflict has enriched warlords and international arms suppliers, who profit from the illicit trading. It has also provided foreign sponsors with proxy influence. Meanwhile, millions of Sudanese civilians face extreme famine, displacement, and ethnic violence as the nation’s infrastructure collapses. In the long term, the unabated conflict threatens to permanently fracture Sudan, exporting mass migration and extreme proxy instability across the wider region.
The New York Times
